richard hakluyt reasons for colonizationvermont town wide yard sales
[10], Hakluyt was ordained in 1578, the same year he began to receive a "pension" from the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers to study divinity. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1574, followed by a Master of Arts in 1577. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. . to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . List his reasons for supporting colonization. Learn More. In Mare Liberum, Grotius denied that the 1493 donation by Pope Alexander VI that had divided the oceans between Spain and Portugal entitled Spain to make territorial claims to North America. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh | Encyclopedia.com As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. . Richard Hakluyt summary | Britannica Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601). 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. student. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. The first fruits of Hakluyt's labours in Paris were embodied in his important work entitled A Particuler Discourse Concerninge the Greate Necessitie and Manifolde Commodyties That Are Like to Growe to This Realme of Englande by the Westerne Discoueries Lately Attempted, Written in the Yere 1584, which Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned him to prepare. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Why did Richard Hakluyt support English colonization? He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) professional specifically for you? He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. 2. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? [16] The attention that the book excited in Paris encouraged Hakluyt to prepare an English translation and publish it in London under the title A Notable Historie Containing Foure Voyages Made by Certayne French Captaynes unto Florida (1587). "Hakluyt, Richard". George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. A person named Hugo Hakelute, who may have been an ancestor or relative of Richard Hakluyt, was elected Member of Parliament for the borough of Yatton in 1304 or 1305,[7] and between the 14th and 16th centuries five individuals surnamed "de Hackluit" or "Hackluit" were sheriffs of Herefordshire. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. He also translated numerous works on the subject into English. Create your account. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." 2.8: Primary Sources - Humanities LibreTexts The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. (2021, April 8). He cites that it will provide more room for English citizens to expand and move to colonized areas, trade and regulate trade with other nations. Bod. What type of commercial aspirations does Hakluyt describe? "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. She is also a writer of historical fiction. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. EN. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. The year was 1591 or 1592. PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) Your privacy is extremely important to us. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. 828829. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. 2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP IvyPanda. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. During this time, Hakluyt became increasingly convinced that England should lay claim to the territories in North America as quickly as possible, and gained support for his plan from influential men such as Francis Walsingham and Robert Cecil. What made them exciting? While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. 232 lessons. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. 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Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. The Hakluyts believed that colonies were the answer to England's problems. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - Read more about rivers, commodities, vent, sundry, thence and hakluyt. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. Exploration, American Beginnings: 1492-1690, Primary Resources in U.S This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. He died on November 23, 1616. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. Overview of English Exploration | Encyclopedia.com Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. 4. This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. English Deutsch Franais Espaol Portugus Italiano Romn Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Trke Suomi Latvian Lithuanian esk . Author of. . English Geographer. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. In 1613 appeared the Pilgrimage of Samuel Purchas, another clergyman fascinated with the new discoveries of the age. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Hakluyts conception or misconception of indigenous people plays a key role in this text. Omissions? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt IvyPanda. Some of the gentlemen of her court wished to pursue opportunities to colonize, and Hakluyt wrote Discourse on Western Planting to encourage her to lend her support to men such as Sir Walter Raleigh. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization His were language and geography. IvyPanda. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. He also became a minister in the Church of England. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. Encyclopdia Britannica. History Unit 2 Assignment 5-Richard Hakluyt "A Discousre to - Quizlet
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