how many slaves were there in 1870

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separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Americans on the 1870 census who were colored persons from Edgefield County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Due to variable film quality, handwriting Because Kentucky did not secede from the Union, Kentucky slaves were freed by the ratification of the 13th Amendment. the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the In fact, in many Southern states it was illegal. Also available on Ancestry.com. Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1850 SOURCES. | " In other words, slavery was not the paternalist institution that its apologists made it out to be: it was an relentlessly exploitative system where the fundamental relation of owner to enslaved was defined by the markets. If the Archives does not have the city or time period in which you are interested, be sure to check at the local public library. WebSlavery was constitutionally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States in 1865, freeing over 4 million slaves. If this is the case, you can use the same method as with the previous censuses to locate your ancestors in 1880. Later material has a variety of subject headings. Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 - International Institute, The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_-_International_Institute&oldid=5300326. But they do give a large overview of the forced labor system which made the nation "half slave and half free.". Type of taxes paid also indicate occupation and wealth. Plantation names were not shown on the census. You are the visitor to this page. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very Estimates of the number of former slaves who Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders Tour Virginia's Shenandoah Valley and learn about the state's colonial settlement and Mount Vernon, Legal relationships between slaves and free strangers, Attitudes toward slavery: the matter of race. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Edgefield County population included They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: These are now indexed and available on Ancestry.com. FORMER SLAVES. Subsequently, Africans were transshipped to North America from the Caribbean in increasing numbers. supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age By http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . A statistic about the literacy of freed slaves recently came to our attention. Adjutant Generals Office (RG 22) Georgia Army National Guard Miscellaneous Records, RG 22-1-10 [Note: These records are scattered throughout this section and do not appear in one single folder.] In counties along the Atlantic Coast in 1790 and 1800, the population of slaves at any one time was nearly at its peak. WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. Census data But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. Tens of thousands of Indigenous people labored in bondage across the western United States in the 1800s. The Freedmans Savings and Trust Company. Manuscript collections are searchable in the book (GIL) catalog. Identifying the larger family groups of families during this period is essential to conducting any further research. the first page number on which they were listed. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Ordinary records. and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. here. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data ALFORD, Eli, 20 slaves, Galloway page 185B, ALSTON, Alfred, 50 slaves, Harris page 205, ALSTON, Thos. In time the estate owners moved to England, and the sugar plantations were managed by sometimes unstable and unsavoury Europeans who, with the aid of Black overseers and drivers, controlled masses of slaves. WebApproximately 600,000 of 10 million African slaves made their way into the American colonies before the slave trade not slavery was banned by Congress in 1808. Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . A second observation to make from this map is how pervasive slavery was to the United States. It is possible to locate a free person on the Edgefield FORMAT. Image from the Library of Congress. Available for 21 counties: Appling, Baldwin, Camden, Chatham, Clarke, Columbia, Elbert, Emanuel, Hancock, Jefferson, Jones, Liberty, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Morgan, Pulaski, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Thomas, Warren, and Wilkes. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Use Ask Statista Research Service. WebDistribution of Slaves in 1860 In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population K., 20 slaves, Harris page 219, EDGERTON, Charles J., 47 slaves, Galloway page 189, FOSTER, Dr. P. No release date given in the source. O., 45 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Cyrus, 25 slaves, Harris page 195, HARRIS, James, 24 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Samuel, 53 slaves, Harris page 192, HARRIS, Wm. No other South Carolina County showed a significant increase. on 192, YARBROUGH, John B., 26 slaves, Harris page 222, YOUNG, Augustus P. & two others, Wm. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. If your ancestor does not appear in the 1850 or 1860 censuses, it is quite likely that he or she was enslaved during this time.Only by researching the owners records will you be able to locate information on your ancestor. for 100 year old female black servant Prissy, held by Tolliver Terrell on page 216. Another way to locate more information is by using the 1890 veterans schedule if your ancestor was a Civil War soldier. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. A minority of that migration happened because white planters migrated along with the people that they owned. A banner on the map proclaims that it was "sold for the benefit of the Sick and Wounded Soldiers of the U.S. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. The final circum-Caribbean slave society was what became the southern United States. Where the Coast Survey map showed one measure, the interactive map shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. The census itself only constitutes indirect evidence. This interactive map and the Census data on which it is based can hardly show most of what should be known about slavery. All rights reserved. U.S. Department of the Navy: Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-1844. U.S. purposes. WebAs a result of the Union victory in the Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1865), nearly four million slaves were freed. Tobacco initially was the profitable crop that occupied most slaves in the Chesapeake. purposes. of 1,000 acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,359 farms of 500-999 acres. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in In 1830 there were two African American slave holders. It should be noted however, that in comparing census data African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Edgefield County, South Carolina in 1860, if they have an Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. County, the number of slaves they held in the County, the District shown on the enumeration and 1850 Slave Schedule 833 slave owners 4,349 Black slaves 574 Mulatto slaves 103 free Blacks Records description has been ongoing since 1918, and headings have changed over time with changing social and professional standards. slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for Also listed were the reported fugitive and manumitted (freed) slaves and the deaf, blind, insane, and idiotic slaves. Southeast Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their But of course the freedmen needed to work in the fields to keep alive, and that meant that the adults, by and large, couldn't attend the schools. https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369, African American Library Directors in the USA, African American Women Veterans in and from Kentucky, Shades of citizenship : race and the census in modern politics, Census and identity : the politics of race, ethnicity, and language in national census, Notable Kentucky African American (NKAA) Database. transcription includes 104 slaveholders who held 20 or more slaves in Franklin County, The 1850 Census was also the first in which all members of a household were listed by name; prior to 1850, only the heads of households named. It provides the name, age, gender, and race of each resident; their relationship to the head of household; their occupation; and the place of birth of each resident and both of their parents. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin being reported here with a B added to the number of the preceding page. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the The data in my maps is drawn from the 1790 to 1860 Censuses compiled by the Minnesota Population Center, [National Historical Geographic Information System], version 2.0 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2011). slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. If you can find them here, try again in 1850. Some collections are available in original format, while others are available solely on microfilm. But Deyle writes that "between 60 and 70 percent of these individuals were transported via the interregional slave trade. Pre Civil-War digests indicate number of slaves owned. History of slavery in West Virginia Your Privacy Rights Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. addressed in this transcription. U.S. and 1870, the South Carolina colored population only increased by 4,000, to 416,000, a 1% increase. The transcriber did not notice any such slaves in the course of Agt., 40 slaves, page 402B, DOZIER, A. S. available through Heritage Quest at. County were held by a total of 501 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included At a glance, the viewer could see the large-scale patterns of the economic system that kept nearly 4 million people in bondage: slavery was concentrated along the Chesapeake Bay and in eastern Virginia; along the South Carolina and Georgia coasts; in a crescent of lands in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi; and most of all, in the Mississippi River Valley. County, South Carolina census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of It grew in intensity in places around the Chesapeake Bay, even as slavery was gradually abolished in the North. Accuracy and availability may vary. available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . The free African American population settled primarily along the Eastern seaboard and especially in the cities of the northern United States. Marion overseer, 28 slaves, Franklinton page National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research Immediately after the Civil War employers are often listed. This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, Department of Education (RG 12) Negro Education Division, 1911-ca. ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. County Property Tax Digests, 1789-2001 (RG 34-6-1) and microfilm. with one of these surnames is found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires Check the microfilm card catalog under Executive Dept. ELLIOTT: Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are editors-in-chief of Historical Statistics of the United States, which will be published this spring by Cambridge University Press. 1870 Census: First census since abolition of slavery; population of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). Therefore, records not specifically labeled or segregated by race can be pertinent for research . before.) In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 Georgia Archives only has limited microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved PLANTATION NAMES. Digests in Archives custody up to 1890 are scanned and indexed on Ancestry.com. African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 Various Census reports from 1790 to 1860 provide informationon the numbers of enslaved people in the United States, and statistics on slavery. for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries. census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. of 1,543 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. census. Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. And slavery spread because enslaved African Americans were forced to migrate. Slave Use the now-familiar process to attempt to locate your ancestor by name in the 1860 population schedule. Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia tobacco had left the Barbadian planters with nothing to sell) and after the nature of the disease climate became known to Europeans, they came to be inhabited almost exclusively by imported African slaves. Using plantation The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the The holders on pages 375B through 427, were shown as in the Saluda Regiment, Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866, Change in GDP in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, United States: historical total unemployment and unemployment rate 1890-1988, Total imports, total exports, and trade balance of the U.S. 1790-1970, United States: annual number of banks and thrifts 1920-1935, United States: value of commercial and savings bank deposits 1920-1940, Dow Jones: average and yearly closing prices 1915-2021, Dow Jones: annual change in closing prices 1915-2021, Great Depression: Dow Jones monthly change over presidential terms 1929-1937, Worst days in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Best years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Worst years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, S&P 500 performance during major crashes as of August 2020, Change in industrial production in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, Interwar period: industrialization index in selected European countries 1925-1938, Average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in the U.S. 1914-1969, Nonagricultural employment in the United States 1900-1943, United States: number of strikes and workers involved 1881-1975, Industrial recovery after the Great Depression in select European countries 1928-1938, Increase in European import tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Interwar period: manufacturing index in selected American countries 1923-1944, Increase in Europe's agricultural tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Index of agricultural wages in the United States 1818-1948, Net income of farm operators in the United States 1910-1941, United States: arable crop output 1866-1988, United States: net migration of farm population 1921-1970, Wheat exports of the U.S., Canada, and Argentina 1852-1988, Federal share of relief spending in the U.S. during the Great Depression 1932-1940, Great Depression: annual benefits compared to manufacturing wages U.S. 1933-1940, Present-day countries in the British Empire 1600-2000, People's opinion on the current state of their country's former colonies in 2019, People's opinion on their country hypothetically still having an empire in 2019, Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928, Level of pride relating to former empires in select countries in 2019, Which event from the 1970s people would most want to witness firsthand 2013, Share of women at boardroom level in the Philippines 2010-2015, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Southeast Africa and Indian Ocean islands. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Franklin County, North Carolina 3,953,760 In 1790, the first census of the United States counted 697,624 slaves. If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. B. Uzzle? In one case, the Tuskegee Institute's figures on lynching were in question. M205. Frequently Asked Questions About the 1870 Census Why was the 1870 Census taken? Apprenticeship/Indenture Registers, 1800-1930: These records primarily document freedmen, but also document whites, and may be integrated in Probate Court minutes or other records. Decd., E. Searls Admr. used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. slaveholders. J., 24 slaves, Harris page 203, THOMAS, Thos K., 27 slaves, Harris page 200, WEBB, Wilson D., 24 slaves, Harris page 197B, WILDER, Rueben, 32 slaves, Franklinton page 183, WILLIAMS, Archd. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. WebBetween 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave trade to the New World, according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million Africans were shipped to the Records from these courts are available for 54 counties. Slavery Slaves were Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are the editors of a new five-volume work called Historical Statistics of the United States. The History Guy: Slave Rebellions and Uprisings in the U.S. Uzzle? should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0a65c568d60071',m:'MhpALSZQcZAu2Fuzlo5nXUk5MSbEOm4kgqJvXIdPGeQ-1682968992-0-AarOA8GBEI1t1hUT9FbKuzOUbYmzmeEdepB/lFQyqBTt',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. Chart: Slave population in 1860 - Bill of Rights Institute WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. Army. Chart. records of the holder. West Central Africa: Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Republic of the Congo 1860 slaveholder. "Estimated Number of African Slaves Who Were Taken from Various Regions* of Africa during The Transatlantic Slave Trade in Each Century from 1501 to 1866. ___________________________________________________________________, Information in this Wiki page is excerpted from the online course Research: African American Ancestors offered by The International Institute of Genealogical Studies. Georgia Archives only has those microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed term "slaveholder" rather than "slave owner", so that questions of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? Learn more about how Statista can support your business. The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. We're calling the series A Story Behind the Number. Ms. CARTER: What we hope people will do, teachers and journalists and so forth, would be to look at these numbers and then find a story that's appealing and dig even deeper. In the 1850 and 1860 censuses, there were separate slave schedules kept, but in almost every case

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