pros and cons of descriptive representation

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In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance . It allows us to see part of the human mind and how it works and how it interact with others. One area of the voting experience that has received little attention isdescriptive representation. Even in countries that have encouraged proportional representation, some of the largest changes that have occurred in those societies happened when an absolute majority was present within the government. For instance: watching a person (or people) order food, hold a door open for another person, or greet someone would be considered a few examples of naturalistic observation. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. (2011) and Berinsky etal. Sociological Forum, 8(2), 243271. Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Of particular importance is whether substantive or descriptive representation are necessary to create symbolic representation and perceptions that government outcomes are fair and legitimate. pros and cons of descriptive representationdanny sorenson paper clips. The downsides of using descriptive research include that it is limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. As political parties, legislative committees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descriptive representation most useful. The index was re-scaled to run from 0 (least fair) to 1 (most fair). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Heres what we know. Survey of the Performance of American Elections. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Since subjects are randomly assigned to conditions and we have good balance on demographic items across treatment conditions, we are not particularly concerned about potential confounds. Under the system of proportional representation, seats are not awarded based on community or district voting. Congresswomen and symbolic representation. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. general atomics hourly pay how does felix react to the monster the chosen by taran matharu summary. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decision-making in their own right. Because of the decentralized nature of American elections, the analysis considered not only the effect of descriptive representation on confidence in the voters ballot being counted accurately but also ballots across their local jurisdiction (county or city), state, and the nation. New York: Free Press. Limits of Descriptive Representation. Degree of Control over Variables. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. A re-assessment of the concept of political support. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Tate, K. (2003). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in What is the future of reproductive rights? ; . That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Political power and womens representation in Latin America. American Journal of Political Science, 278300. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. pros and cons of descriptive representation. (1993). Descriptive investigations, unlike other types of investigations, carry out their study without altering or manipulating any of the variables of the phenomenon, limiting themselves only to their measurement and description. (2009). It does not provide direct representation to specific communities. Specifically, the data were used to determine if black voters who interacted with a black poll worker on Election Day were likely to be more confident when compared to black voters who interacted with a poll worker of another race/ethnicity. So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. Erikson, R. S. (1978). It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Furthermore, it is applied only to a group, over which it has no control whatsoever. RSVP required: https://t.co/WHADcFVR4h, RT @HarvardIOP: JUST ANNOUNCED: Join @AbigailDisney, @KathyHughesFilm, @RebeccaReCap, Artemis Bell, and @SharBlock next Tuesday as they dis. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. In this type of research method, emphasis is placed on natural settings and the participants. Descriptive names are one of the most simplistic solutions. (Babbie, 2008), The type of research design that is used during this research is known as qualitative research. (1997). Get rigorous, evidence-based strategies to advance gender equity right in your inbox. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. Pros 1. Book When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment. Are Russian troops using sexual violence as a weapon? . When Descriptive Research is the Right Choice GAP added 6 new summaries on intersectionality in 2022, bringing the total intersectional summaries to 61, 21% of all research included on GAP. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48(4), 741756. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). The alternative is to gather a random sample and then use the methodologies of inferential statistics to analyze the . Technology gives researchers access to online libraries, digital collaboration and social media websites. Although, when obtaining data on the variables, it is possible to make forecasts, these are not entirely reliable, since they are considered premature. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ending nearly 50 years of constitutional protections for abortion. Population : A data set contain all members of a specified group (the entire list of data values). Casework. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Constituency influence in Congress. Representing Yourself in Court. Koch, J. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representative's ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representative's ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). By analyzing data, researchers can identify trends that may not have been apparent otherwise. It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. As a society, we perform naturalistic observation on a daily basis whether we realize it or not. American Politics Quarterly, 25(1), 118133. Horizontal Communication In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. 6. An American who represents themselves in court has a fool for a client, according to an old story told about former President Abraham Lincoln. Journal of Politics, 65(4), 10401061. It is not always wise to compromise. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. descriptive representation pros and consadvanced spelling bee words for adults. (1999). Social Science Quarterly, 86(2), 444462. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. For example, those living in diverse communities might find 5 black representatives too low, whereas those living in homogeneous white communities might find 5 black representatives too high. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. When black constituents have black representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives, theyrate their representativeshigher than blacks with white representatives. It allows us to not only understand human behavior but we can observes animals and even plants if we so desired, although that would be more or less useless including the data. This type of research is very useful when conducting studies, for example, when you want to know which brand of soda is most consumed in a supermarket, where you only want to know which is the most consumed, and not why it is the most consumed. Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. Ulbig, S. G. (2007). How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? However, due to its low precision in forecasting, it is not possible to specify the causes and effects of the phenomenon studied. The seldom receive access to the majority coalition and rarely earn an absolute majority, but there is always the possibility that their voiced opinions will gain traction with the general population. It can create political gridlock, just like in any other system of government. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Representing black interests and promoting black culture: The importance of African American descriptive representation in the US House. The party which receives the most votes in a proportional representation structure will work with other parties to form a full majority. Until a candidate reaches more than the set share of votes, no one is declared a winner. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). For more information, please visit our GAP Land Acknowledgement resource page. We honor this tradition and work toward a gender equity agenda that addresses the needs of all women, including Indigenous women and Indigenous communities. Being able to make a forecast of the weather that a particular child of that city plays. For a discussion of the representativeness and validity of MTurk as a data source, see Buhrmester etal. It can only describe a situation and cannot explain why something is happening. McCrone, D. J. Gerrymandering. Descriptive statistics can be useful for two purposes: 1) to provide basic information about variables in a dataset and 2) to highlight potential relationships between variables. The Gender Action Portal (GAP) serves as an online tool for decision-makers across sectors. 1:15 pm Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. For example, descriptive representation can contribute to the way in which citizens evaluate and interact with elected officials. More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. This choice is guarded by the topic of study, the advantages and disadvantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of using either one or the other type of the methodologies. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. The political representation of blacks in Congress: Does race matter? Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1963). The American Political Science Review, 535547. Descriptive designs -the current state of affairs, Provides a relatively complete picture, does not assess relationships among variables Experimental - impact on experimental manipulations on a dependent variable, Allows drawing of conclusions, Cannot experimentally manipulate many important variables, Descriptive research, this will not answer questions like how, when, why it has happened. Solano Verde Water District. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- . They have no way of having that vote be represented. In a PR system, the congressional districts are much bigger, voters focus more on. Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. In her classic work The Concept of Representation, Hanna Pitkin establishes four aspects of representation: formalistic, substantive, descriptive, and symbolic (Pitkin 1967).. Scholars normally define substantive representation as having one's policy views expressed by an elected . The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. Wh, The failed NFL diversity rule corporate America loves, Practicing DEI: A Conversation with HKS Alums, International Womens Day Community Breakfast, Harvard Alumni Allyship Series: International Women's Day, But the Fellows Are Simply Diversity Hires! How Organizational Contexts Influence Status Beliefs, 3 Negotiation Myths Still Harming Womens Careers. Pros and cons of working with samples. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United . Errors and Mistakes: Since graphical representations are complex, there is- each and every chance of errors and mistakes.This causes problems for a better understanding of general people. It provides a system of true representation. Gay, C. (2002). Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. Overby, L. M., Brown, R. D., Bruce, J. M., Smith, C. E, Jr., & Winkle, J. W, III. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. However, it is important to understand its limitations and when it is most appropriate to use. At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. With the scope of contemporary technology, we are able to access information from various studies that have occurred around the world. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. The Women and Public Policy Program and the Harvard Kennedy School are located on the ancestral, traditional, and contemporary unceded homeland of the Massachusett people, the surviving descendants of the first people of Massachusetts and of the Neponset band of the Massachusett. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Many communities under this system can come away feeling like they dont matter to the governing coalition. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. Social Science Quarterly, 88(5), 11061123. During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. Pros: 1. descriptive representation pros and consupgrading kramer baretta specialupgrading kramer baretta special hayward permit application 0 items / $ 0.00. update sklearn version in jupyter notebook Menu. Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. RT @Kennedy_School: According to a recent study by @HKS_PeopleLab researchers, including HKS's @ElizabethLinos, government communications c, Join @ipinst @swiss_un & @INTGenderChamps for a discussion on Using Innovation & Technology to Ad. The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. In most cases, it is simply impossible to measure the entire population to understand its properties. To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. tion rights. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). Matthew Hayes. The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. Sample : A Sample data set contains a . Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in I claim that a . proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, The Black Agenda with Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman, Continuing Conflict: Old Challenges and New Debates, Revenge of the Patriarchs Why Autocrats Fear Women, We are a tinderbox: Political violence is ramping up, experts warn, Eliana La Ferrara: An economist looking at the world through a wider lens, Hourly and gig workers have it worse than we thoughtand why that matters for u, The reversal of reproductive rights in America is contrary to global trends. 5. ; ; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. By Colin Jones, Robert M. Stein, Lonna Atkeson, M.V. But conflict and disagreement can be quite beneficial. @HarvardHBS professor @francescagino. Naturalistic observation is important in psychological research because it gives insight into the natural behaviors of people. Constructing successful ways to reach goals necessary to make something as small as possible in the event of medication errors and patient safety. 1. In some instances, it may not even be a true majority if a third-party candidate performs well in a specific election. volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. 3. Descriptive research is a powerful tool that can be used to gain insights into a particular subject. American Journal of Political Science, 717732. And as I write, significant representation by gender cannot be achieved in any existing polity without some form of quota. Desposato, S., & Norrander, B. The symbolic representation of gender: A discursive approach. To illustrate, observing someone do a multitude of rudimentary actions can be considered a deed of naturalistic observation. The aim is to show that the moral . Women and Public Policy Program Carrying out a descriptive investigation that collects data about the political party that people will choose in the next elections, it is possible to predict, with a margin of error, the result that will be obtained in them. While it has its pros and cons, it can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. I consider the essentialist line of reasoning as unsustainable because it pays little attention to differences among women. Tate, K. (2001). Higher levels of education were associated with higher perceptions of fairness. First, the effects of a politician's race is likely to An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. American Political Science Review, 95, 589602. (2010). 1. The American Political Science Review, 57(1), 4556. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Google Scholar. Gendering municipal government: Female descriptive representation and feelings of political trust. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. - Volume 55 Issue 2. Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. By Bridgett King " The Pros and Cons of Gender Quota Laws: What Happens When You Kick Men Out and . Minority representation, empowerment, and participation. In addition, it is possible to present a hypothesis and to expand the degree of knowledge about the event under investigation. Naturalistic Observation is a frequently utilized research method in which one observes a certain behavior. The three most common descriptive statistics can be displayed graphically or pictorially and are measures of: Graphical/Pictorial Methods Measures of Central Tendency Gay, C. (2001). Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in congress? Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Interviews for the survey were conducted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia to represent the nation on several demographic characteristics including education, income, race, and partisanship. See appendix (Supplementary material) for detailed comparison of CCAP and MTurk data. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. Instead it tells us the what question what are the traits of the citizens or situation being studied? Established in 1939 and published for the Southern Political Science Association, The Journal of Politics is a leading general-interest journal of political science and the oldest regional political science journal in the United States. Gender & Conflict Gender Action Portal descriptive representation for both intrinsic and (perceived) instrumental reasons. It can help researchers understand the current state of affairs and provide a foundation for further research. When a person is unaware they are being observed it reduces change in behavior, which can occur when if they are aware that they are being observed. These proportional representation pros and cons have certain benefits that allow for greater inclusion and variety. The strengths of naturalistic observations are better generalizing, subjects are comfortable which adds to higher degree of realism. This is an increasing trend since the previous Congress had three states which had, Further, immigrants also form part of Congress who totals. The case of the US courts. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. However, descriptive research can also be limiting. Political Analysis, 20(3), 351368. A. Banducci, S. A., Donovan, T., & Karp, J. With more voices heard, there is a better chance that real action can be taken within the government. That creates two unique advantages in this category: people have more influence over the structure of the government and become more invested in domestic issues. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. The formal charging of a government official with "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". Procedural justice: A psychological analysis. That prevents incumbents from staying in office, even if 60% of the population has voted against them. This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. Grose, C. R. (2011). 2. In light of recent administrative irregularities that have reduced the confidence thatblack votershave in elections, the value of seeing a reflection of oneself when entering the polling location to cast a ballot should not be minimized. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. Usually, the cross-sectional or transectional design is the most used to carry out this type of research, although it is also possible to use the pre-experimental design. Farmer's Empowerment through knowledge management. Having more voices can be a good thing, but it can also create a discord that makes it impossible to government. 5. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. Example: The population may be all people living in India. Making Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. Symbols and the world system: National anthems and flags. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. WAPPP sat with Anna to chat about her book, which is the first trade publication to exclusively feature Black scholars and experts across economics, education, health, and climate. Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. Political Research Quarterly, 57(1), 8199. What is procedural justice-criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Tyler, T. R. (1988). pros and cons of descriptive representation | June 29 / 2022 | accidentally crushed birth control pillaccidentally crushed birth control pill The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. Thu., Mar. Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. Post author: Post published: June 9, 2022 Post category: girls night out restaurants Post comments: new townhomes london ontario new townhomes london ontario

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