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Beyond bodies: Institutional sources of representation for women in democratic policy-making. They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. 9. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. Hernes, H. (1987). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Culture and equality: An egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Towards a European union gender equality index. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. Minow, M. (1991). Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. This helps to avoid wastage of time. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 12411299. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. Voet, R. (1992). Some of the most important are listed below. Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in legislatures. Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. Descriptive statistics are functions of the sample data that are intrinsically interesting in describing some feature of the data. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. Aldershot: Ashgate. Proportional Representation 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sociologist. This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Goodin (2004) highlights that there is a tension between including members from different groups and subgroups on the one hand, and the practical ability to debate in the legislature thus rob them of the possibility of substantively represent their particular subgroup. Democracy With Adequate Representation. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Pages 491-507. Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. Mansbridge, J. Apart from it, if you've collected data on multiple variables, you can use the Bivariate or Multivariate descriptive statistics to study . Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. This essay will proceed as follows. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. London: Routledge. Letters can be written to their representatives. 1. From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. Caption. They delineate achievement and motivate students to study hard and perform well. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Secondly, I will draw upon Phuong Ngo as a case study to describe how descriptive and substantive representation impacted MEM voters in his constituency. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. Representing Diversity. Democratic political theory. Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. : LOCAL DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, Do Gender Quotas Work? The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. In: Danielsen, H., Jegerstedt, K., Muriaas, R., Ytre-Arne, B. Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group. so that you can track your progress. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. ), Women, politics, and change (pp. PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, Princeton: Princeton University Press. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. Inclusion and democracy. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). Annual Review of Political Science, 12, 5169. Return to Figure. Thirdly and lastly, I will outline the implications that descriptive and substantive representation have on MEM representatives and voters, and the lessons learnt from studying Ngo as a MEM political representative. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. Cons are arguments against it. Cambridge: Polity Press. Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. While descriptive statistics are used to present raw data in an accurate way, inferential statistics are used to apply inferences derived from a data sample to the larger data population. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. . Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. (2014). Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. Welfare state and woman power: Essays in state feminism. Professionals often use descriptive statistics to communicate simple trends within a data set. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. Explaining Ethnic Minority Preferences in Bulgarian Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Politics at the Intersection: A Cross-National Analysis of Minority Women's Legislative Representation, Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence, Womens Representation via Parliamentary Questions (with Sven Schiltz), Regendering party politics: An introduction, Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation, THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION IN AUSTRALIA, Voting Locally Abstaining Nationally: Descriptive Representation, Substantive Representation and Minority Voters Turnout, Activating Human Rights and Peace: Universal Responsibility Conference 2008 Conference Proceedings, Personal Attributes and Latino Voting Behavior in Congress, Between Science and Engineering: Reflections on the APSA Presidential Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance.
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