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The first inbred strains of mice, rats, and guinea pigs were developed soon after the rediscovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance in 1900. These strains represent all of the commonly used inbred rat strains available from Harlan Sprague-Dawley, excluding strains of rats that are spontaneously hypertensive. The patterns were completely different among 15 rat strains examined, and the patterns of . There are multiple strains of rat that are either selected or inbred as models of human pathology. Characteristics Anatomy (PDF) The third region on rat chromosome 3 identified in the current Table S5 Cholesterol concentration in individual lipo- study affecting cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in protein fractions l in the PXO recombinant inbred strain LDL harbors three genes with non-synonymous mutations in SHR panel and its progenitor strains, BXH2 . STUDY. Inbred rat model for National Toxicology Program's Carcinogen Bioassay Program and National Institute on Aging. 132 rat inbred strains. The most popular rat inbred strains are listed in descending order of the number of citations. There are now more than 150 rat strains and several hundred mouse strains (Beck et al. Translation for: 'rats, inbred strains' in English->Armenian dictionary. This produces a situation where particular alleles can be examined on a collage of backgrounds composed of the genomes of the progenitors. Genetic profile of 12 inbred rat strains for 46 microsatellite loci selected as genetic monitoring markers. A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line (RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains. ACLAM Rat Inbred strain models. There is now considerable background information on strain characteristics, including life-span, spontaneous diseases and response to chemicals. 213 A selected, inbred rat strain had a tail measuring an average of 5.4 cm. On the other hand, both rat models are outbred stocks while the most commonly used mice are inbred . Reaginic antibody synthesis after intraperitoneal immunization with ovalbumin in aluminium hydroxide gel (Al(OH) 3) has been evaluated in BN, F344 and ACI inbred strains of rats and compared to that in outbred Wistar rats.Regardless of the dose of antigen employed (0.1 mg, 0.01 mg, 0.001 mg), BN inbred and Wistar outbred rats produced comparable amounts of reaginic antibody 9 days . The physiology of the "sequenced" rat is being explored by placing each chromosome of the BN on to two genomic backgrounds (the SS and FHH strains) and then measuring over 200 phenotypes in each strain. The verification of 746 candidate SNPs by amplicon-based resequencing in 36 inbred rat strains and three wild-derived samples (wild 1, 2, and 3) revealed 960 polymorphisms, consisting of 90 indels, seven 2-bp substitutions, one 3-bp substitution, one 5-bp substitution, and 861 SNPs, of which only one was tri-allelic. This is the fifth listing and has been substantially revised, although it is heavily dependent on previous listings (Festing and Staats, 1973). This will identify the mice as a C57BL inbred mouse strain from subgroup 6 that was previously bred at The Jackson Laboratory but has since been maintained at the ARC Institute for 20 generations (F20). Write. Inbred Lewis and Fischer 344 rat strains differ not only in novelty- and amphetamine-induced behaviors, but also in dopamine transporter activity in vivo Abstract Inbred Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats are differentially sensitive to drugs of abuse, making them useful for studying addiction-related neural mechanisms. Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI . Abstract. Many targeted mutations ( e.g., "knockouts") are maintained on a mixture of C57BL/6 and a particular 129 strain. General studies, Immunology, Only approved mouse strain for use in the Local Lymph Node Assay, a refined alternative research method for evaluating the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals and compounds. Sprague-Dawley and Wistar are the two most frequently used rat models. To test the impact of genetic heterogeneity on cis- and trans-mediated mechanisms of gene expression regulation, we profiled the transcriptome of adipose tissue in 20 inbred congenic strains derived from diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and Brown-Norway (BN) controls, which contain well-defined blocks (1-183 Mb) of genetic polymorphisms, and in 123 genetically heterogeneous . Previous studies based on inbred mouse or rat strains have demonstrated the role of genetic factors in vascular remodeling and IMT (21, 25). Inbred rat strains are produced by breeding related individuals, primarily brother by sister, for at least 20 consecutive generations. 2004) (Table 1).The variants were then classified by applying ANNOVAR (Wang et al. MeSH information In contrast, outbred stocks of rats such as Wistar and Sprague-Dawley are more widely used than inbred strains such as F344 and LEW. Vaginal distension (VD) in outbred rats has been shown to decrease urethral resistance, as well as increase the expression of the stem cell‐homing chemokine, monocyte chemotactic factor 3 (MCP‐3), but not stromal derived factor 1 (SDF‐1). Origin: Inbreeding of the Lewis rat is begun by Dr. Margaret Lewis from a Wistar stock. Using the ACP microsatellite data and a limited number of . Lewis (LEW) Multiple sclerosis; various experimentally induced autoimmune . Google Scholar Festing, M. F. W., and Totman, P. (1980). Download Download PDF. The selected and wild caught strains were crossed producing the F1 and F2 below Generation F1 F2 Progeny 20 250 Phenotype 5.8 cm 5 to 6.6 cm atotal (2 pts)Assume that 4 genes control tail length. Genetic influences on survival time after severe hemorrhage in inbred rat strains. In 1958, at F31 to Silvers, who distributed this strain subsequently. The phylogenetic tree of 132 laboratory rat strains. First, we identified homozygous coding variants in the 25 inbred rat strains. Spell. . There are now extensive databases on mouse, and to a lesser extent rat genetics. Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains. Outbred rat models are used in preclinical research to mimic genetic variation in humans. 2003 Jan;14(1):61-4. doi: 10.1007/s00335-002-2204-5. NON-GEM MOUSE AND RAT STOCKS AND STRAINS. The first listing of inbred strains of rats was by Billingham and Silvers (1959). All rat strains expressed strong rapid expulsion which resulted in the elimination of 88-98% of a challenge infection of muscle larvae. The aim of this study was to determine if similar responses are induced by VD in an inbred rat strain. These nomenclature changes affect the strain names for inbred 129 mice and all mice carrying transgenes, or spontaneous or targeted mutations on a 129 background. The alcohol preference ratios and the daily free-choice ethanol intakes (10% ethanol versus water) of the newly constituted National Institutes of Health (NIH) heterogeneous stock (N/Nih) rats, and of the eight inbred strains from which N/Nih derived, were measured. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. INBRED STRAINS OF RATS Updated 9 Apr. To examine this possibility, we compared delay discounting in six inbred strains of rats (Brown Norway, Copenhagen, Lewis, Fischer, Noble and Wistar Furth) using the adjusting amount procedure, which provides a measure of the subjective value of delayed rewards. 10 inbred strains and 2 wild rats, compare amounts and patterns of genetic diversity, and discover novel variants among strains, thereby providing a resource for investiga-tors using these strains of rats. PLAY. This breeding process results in allelic segregation such that after 20 generations rats are homozygous at 98.7% of all alleles and after 40 generations are homozygous at 99.98% alleles (Silvers, 1995). Taken together, our data concerning aortic ECM analysis demonstrates a deficit in elastin content not only in the BN but also in the F344 rat . Inbred mice are ideal for certain studies because of their identical genetic makeup. Wistar, Fisher, and Sprague Dawley, and their hundreds of internal divisions, are examples of rat strains. Wild rat-derived SNP characteristics. Dose-dependent increases in locomotor activity were found for both drugs in all strains. Similar to most common mouse models, these two rat strains are albino. The ACP genotyped 48 commonly used rat inbred strains by using over 4800 microsatellite markers with known genomic locations. They were kept in the animal facility at Indiana University for 8 weeks after delivery, during which they were maintained in the same room and received the same diet and were . Please click on the strain names. tion of inbred strains from Dahl's original S andR lines and to describe their characteristics. We show that both male and female STA rats display robust and sustained reductions in periorbital thresholds to cutaneous mechanical stimulation. However, large potency and efficacy differences were found. Match. Charles River stocks and strains are managed under the International Genetic Standardization (IGS) program, a unique program designed to manage the health and genetics of outbred and inbred strains on a global basis, ensuring that researchers worldwide have access to standardized models, regardless of the production location. Search over 14 million words and phrases in more than 510 language pairs. Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains Mamm Genome. Find rat and mouse models for research applications, including toxicology, pharmacology, immunology, oncology, & various other disease related research disciplines. We generated successive generations of a unique inbred rat strain, spontaneous trigeminal allodynia (STA) rats, previously reported to exhibit an episodic migraine-like behavioural phenotype. . Inbred rat strains are produced by breeding related individuals, primarily brother by sister, for at least 20 consecutive generations. Behavioral effects of acute hexamethonium in rats chronically intoxicated with nicotine. This is the fifth listing and has been substantially revised, although it is heavily dependent on previous listings (Festing and Staats, 1973). This mixed genetic background was previously designated simply B6,129 . 5. An analysis of interstrain variation between 12 inbred and 4 congenic rat strains in the expression of immunity against Trichinella spiralis is reported. (Japanese) Read Paper. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. We characterized bone mass, geometry, and skeletal . Gravity. Four inbred strains differed greatly in their response to a standard inoculation of rat thyroid extract with complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis vaccine. Inbred Strains These genetic variants of rat MSY may influence similar genes as those involved in human disease or MSY evolu-tion throughout speciation, allowing researchers to nar-row down the large human haplotype block to individual 43 (1),129-132, 1994. many inbred rat strains have had genetic variants on MSY selected upon for phenotypic traits such as blood pressure. This study examined the effects of cocaine or amphetamine on locomotor activity in rats from the ACI, F344, LEW and NBR inbred strains. inbred strain - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database . Recombinant inbred strains: Sets of animal strains that all are derived from the same two parental inbred strains and which each carry a specific combination of the parental genes; within each RI strain all animals are genetically identical. Numerous flow-induced genes were revealed by this study, including a group of 8 genes that showed very strong flow induced expression conserved in both inbred strains.A group of 9 genes showed very strong flow induced expression with major differences between an aneurysm prone inbred rats and the aneurysm resistant inbred rats. We generated successive generations of a unique inbred rat strain, spontaneous trigeminal allodynia (STA) rats, previously reported to exhibit an episodic migraine-like behavioural phenotype. "Many of the most widely used inbred strains of rats were also developed during this period, several of them by Curtis and Dunning at the Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research. Download Download PDF. 2000). Created by. Outbred Rats: Strain Name: Common Name: ArcCrl:CD(SD)IGS: SD (Sprague Dawley) ArcCrl:WI. 2000).It was soon recognized that inbred strains were of value in many areas of research. This study examined the effects of cocaine or amphetamine on locomotor activity in rats from the ACI, F344, LEW and NBR inbred strains. Authors Michael A Thomas 1 , Chin-Fu Chen, Michael I Jensen-Seaman, Peter J Tonellato, Simon N Twigger. Inbred Strains of Mice and Rats This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. Autoregulation is routinely studied in the rat, of which there are many inbred strains. It was capable of donating copper to tumor cells in serum-free medium. Many thousands of papers are published each year involving inbred mouse and rat strains. In 1924, at F20 to Aptekman and Bogdon. METHODS. DNA fingerprinting method was applied to identify inbred strains of laboratory rats. of the genome based on the inbred BN (Brown Norway) strain. Background data on strain characteristics and mouse genetics accumulates rapidly. Identification of coding variants in each strain. Here, we investigated whether strain differences in dopamine transporters (DATs) in dorsal striatum (dSTR) and/or nucleus accumbens (NAc) may help to explain their behavioral . 2009), and we have determined the protein coding genes and non-coding conserved sequences of some representative rat … Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of halothane during development in rats. Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity. What our customers say: "The MRC Mary Lyon Centre located at MRC Harwell uses Taconic's inbred mouse lines (specifically C57BL . Inbreeding of R rats was started at the Penrose Re- In contrast with previous listings, an. This breeding process results in allelic segregation such that after 20 generations rats are homozygous at 98.7% of all alleles and after 40 generations are homozygous at 99.98% alleles (Silvers, 1995 ). An inbred strain is one whose background can be defined and is named by the nomenclature conventions. Materials and Methods Breeding stock of S and R rats were obtained from Dr. Lewis Dahl at Brookhaven Laboratory, Upton, New York. The official designation for a rat strains is a unique, brief symbol made up of letters or a combination of letters and numbers, and a laboratory code. Thus, the most widely used strain was F344, accounting for 32.1% of occasions on which an inbred strain was used, next being LEW at 22.5% and so on. 1999). Rats, Inbred Strains "Rats, Inbred Strains" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Polyvalent strain-specific alloantisera as tools for routine genetic quality control of inbred and congenic strains of rats and mice.Lab. The definition of inbred strains is valid first of all for rats and mice. Litters of newborn rats of five inbred strains (Fischer 344 [F344], Dark Agouti [DA], Sprague-Dawley [SD], Wistar-Furth [WF], Lewis [LEW]) and one outbred strain (Hooded Wistar [HW]) were maintained in room air or were exposed to alternating 24-hour cycles of hyperoxia (80% oxygen in air) and normoxia (21% oxygen in air) for 14 days and were killed for analysis, either immediately . Abstract. Strain: F344/NHsd Aged. This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, being particularly favoured for cancer research and toxicology. jfrohlich23. METHODS Strains studied. Compared to mice, rats are bigger, generally more aggressive, and more resistant to various ailments. To Central Institute for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Hannover, in 1973 at F58. Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. The advantage of using inbred animals for genetic studies is that essentially all . . The microsatellite markers are spread relatively evenly across the rat genome and have been integrated into the rat radiation hybrid (RH) map (Steen et al. Twelve different rat strains were studied in this project: August Copenhagen Irish (ACI/Eur); Fawn-hooded hyper- . Inbred strains of rats Michael F. W. Festing Behavior Genetics 11 , 431-435 ( 1981) Cite this article 3 Citations Metrics Abstract The rules for the development of inbred strains are briefly stated together with suggestions for routine quality control of genetic purity. Flashcards. In contrast, substantial interstrain variation in the . The subjective value of rewards decreased as the delay to receipt increased for all . Inbred rat strains may be useful in the development of physiological and biochemical models to study the genetic basis of ECM composition and IEL rupture in the rat aorta. Fischer 344 aged inbred rats. Behavioral differences between two inbred strains of Fawn-Hooded rat: a model of serotonin dysfunction. . inbred rat strain address bn rat dahl rat vasodilator phenotype ss-13 bn rat l diet vascular relaxation mechanism 40-45 mm hg consomic rat impaired renin-angiotensin system normal ra regulation dahl salt restored vasodilation ang ii vascular relaxation high salt diet brown norway ss-16 bn rat renin gene 10-6 mol dahl genetic background po2 . Anim. Strains HO and AU, both Ag-B5, developed only minimal lesions, although AU rats had a high titer of circulating antibodies to thyroid antigens. The properties of inbred and outbred mice and rats are briefly reviewed, and it is concluded that, with some exceptions, there is a strong case for using inbred strains in most controlled experiments. Joe Yeyo Aden. Nomenclature for rat strains A capital letter or letters in Roman type designates inbred strains eg. A list of inbred strains and their characteristics is maintained on the Jackson Laboratory web site. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) . Dose-dependent increases in locomotor activity were found for both drugs in all strains. We refer to the strains as SHR and BN-Lx in this paper. The observations of the current study provide the first . A cross between the most contrasting strains can then be phenotyped in future studies in order to localize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in analgesic/anaesthetic drug sensitivity. In contrast, only a few strains being inbred by definition (see below) are available for hamsters. An inbred, wild caught strain had 6.2 cm long tails. Google Scholar We show that both male and female STA rats display robust and sustained reductions in periorbital thresholds to cutaneous mechanical stimulation. Here we have systematically studied the effects of genomic variants using two inbred rat strains, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/OlaIpcv) and a Brown Norway-derived strain, BN-Lx/Cub [3, 4]. : A group of strains derived usually from two progenitor strains wherein the genomic structure of each is scrambled with the other by recombination and then alleles are fixed by inbreeding. Test. The first . An inbred strain is defined as the product of over 20 generations of brother-sister matings, which results in individuals that are 98% identical to each other. Jikken Dobutsu. Similar research of mouse inbred strains has been significant for studies of evolution and disease (Fitch and Atchley 1985; Beck et al. Long Evans: Inbred Rats: Strain Name: Common Name: BN/RijHsdArc: BN (Brown Norway) . To determine their genetic . The first listing of inbred strains of rats was by Billingham and Silvers (1959). Properties Among Inbred Strains of Rats CHARLES H. TURNER,1,2 RYAN K. ROEDER, 1ARLO WIECZOREK, TATIANA FOROUD,3 GUANGDA LIU, 4and MUNRO PEACOCK ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the inbred rat model for studies of genetic influences on skeletal fragility. Since human diseases are genetically linked, these models can help researchers understand how certain genetic variations contribute to disease. After 4 weeks of altered flow, there were significant interstrain differences with respect to the change in carotid outer diameter (OD), the currently, more than 800 inbred rat strains are registered in the national bioresource project-rat (nbrp-rat) at kyoto university, one of the largest repositories for rat strains, as live animals, embryos, or sperm (serikawa et al. By Southern blot hybridization with core sequence of minisatellite DNA as a probe, typical hypervariable patterns of DNA fingerprint were obtained in inbred rat strains. After 40 generations of . Learn. mutant strain + Analysis of "cold" plasma by furnace atomic absorption confirmed the presence of 10-15% of plasma copper in this peak. BN, PVG. We discuss relevant characteristics of Brown Norway, Spontaneously hypertensive, Dahl, and Fawn-Hooded hypertensive rats and explore differences among these . 14:173-177. A short summary of this paper. genealogic study of inbred rat strains to better un-derstand relationships among strains and to provide a basis for the selection of rat strains for biomedical research. Affiliation 1 . The inbred strains will be referred to as S/JR and R/JR respectively. Standardized nomenclature for inbred strains of rats.Transplantation 16:221-245. (www.jax.org); "Inbred Strains in Biomedical Research" (Michael Festing 1979) and "Origins and Characteristics of Inbred Strains of Mice . Question: em Solving 9. Igaku & Yakugaku 4 (5):599-606,1980. These rodents have short-generation intervals and sufficient numbers of offspring to allow the application of close inbreeding. Epigenetics glossary 1998 Michael FW Festing MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, UK By ligating the left internal and external carotid arteries, we caused a 90% decrease in left common carotid blood flow and a 50% increase in right (contralateral) common carotid flow. WNIN (Wistar/NIN) is an inbred rat strain maintained at National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) for more than 90 years, and WNIN/Ob is an obese mutant originated from it. In contrast with previous listings, an. Genetic markers in the rat: importance of inbred strains and Donryu rat. " Normally the strains are named following the nomenclature conventions. (index of major rat strains; rat genome database). TRADITIONALOUTBRED RATS •Derived from theOkamoto-Aoki Strain •Males exhibit average systolic blood pressures greater than 200 mm Hg by 3-4 months of age •TheSHR is generally used for studies in hypertension and cardiovascular research •Origin:TheSpontaneously Hypertensive outbred model was developed by NIH in 1966 fromWistar The tree was calculated through maximum parsimony analysis implemented in PAUP 4.0b10. The consomic rats and the data are available from the PhysGen Programs Terms in this set (15) ACI. Inbred Strains are produced by brother x sister mating for 20 or more consecutive generations, and individuals of the strain can be traced to a single ancestral pair at the 20th or subsequent generation. Order today+1 800 793 7287. Data display is managed using TreeView's radial tree function. Physiological Genomics, 2011. Hybrid panel Eight inbred strains ( n ¼ 6 rats/strain) were selected for the study: the pigmented ACI, BN and COP strains and the albino F344, LEW, SHR, WAG and WKY . . Benefits Inbred Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats are differentially sensitive to drugs of abuse, making them useful for studying addiction-related neural mechanisms. This Paper. 2010).In each strain, the number of synonymous variants was . F1 and F2 generations are produced by intercrossing the inbred strains; pairs of the F2 progeny are then mated to establish inbred strains through long-term inbreeding. ArcSim:LE: Wistar. Twenty-four Nobel prizes since 1960 which depended on the use of inbred strains. Plots of percent dose and 67Cu specific activity against time showed that copper followed a very specific pathway after binding to albumin and transcuprein . This analysis was performed in comparison with the reference genome, which is determined for Brown Norway rats (Gibbs et al. However, large potency and efficacy differences were found. I recently heard Howard Jacob (Medical College of Wisconsin) give a talk in which he showed that in Sprague Dawley rats ~one-third of the genome was fully inbred, and the average number of alleles for most loci was only 2 (whereas in a panel of 48 different inbred strains, the total available diversity averaged around 6 alleles/locus). for more information. four inbred rat strains.

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